Urban waterways

Introduction

Urban waterways—also known as living streams or urban streams—are waterways that pass through an urban area or receive stormwater runoff from an urbanised catchment. They play a key role in liveable cities by sustaining plants and animals, providing social and cultural connection, and supporting economic development through tourism and agriculture.

The health of urban waterways is heavily influenced by urbanisation. Vegetation clearing, road and building construction, and polluting activities all increase the frequency and volume of polluted stormwater flowing into waterways and significantly degrade their health.

Water sensitive practices aim to protect and enhance urban waterways as an integral part of liveable cities.

Our research on urban waterways has identified some interesting findings:

You will find a range of research reports on urban waterways under the categories below.

Waterway health

Nutrient and pollutant control

Community engagement and leadership

Research application

Our research on urban waterways has been applied to a range of projects, including:

  • A residential development in Officer created a series of innovative water sensitive solutions including a low-flow creek system connected by sedimentation ponds, bio-sponge systems, drainage corridors and habitat ponds surrounded by public open space.
  • Located in a heavily urbanised catchment, the Small Creek naturalisation project involved working with the community to remove 1.6 km of concrete channel, to slow flows and improve water quality and habitat for local flora and fauna.
  • The Enhancing Our Dandenong Creek Program delivers a range of waterway improvement projects including daylighting a piped section of Dandenong Creek, creating new fish habitats, installing public amenities and working with industry to control pollution.
  • The Scrubby Creek pilot application demonstrates application of the RESTORE Tool at four sites along Scrubby Creek to repair the waterway and identify opportunities for improvement.

Tools and guidelines

Several tools and guidelines, informed by our research on urban waterways, have been developed for use by practitioners:

  • The RESTORE tool helps identify the ecosystem components to deliver the best ecological results for restoration of urban waterways.
  • The accompanying factsheets for improving the ecological function of urban waterways guide the design and repair of different ecological components of waterways including flow, geomorphology, riparian, connectivity, water quality and biota.
  • The riparian design guidelines identify 10 ecological processes performed by riparian zones, how these processes are stressed by urbanisation, how they can be repaired and a framework for prioritising on-ground action.
  • This framework provides guidance on improving waterway health through a cost effective mix of incentives and regulation to reduce nitrogen and phosphorus emissions.

Infographics

Infographic 1

The early concept plan for Gum Scrub Creek, showing a Growling Grass Frog pond, bio- sponges, and lateral fingers (CRC for Water Sensitive Cities, 2017. A new community at Officer case study. Melbourne, Australia: CRC for Water Sensitive Cities, p. 14.)

Infographic 2

Outlines Landscape Architecture (CRC for Water Sensitive Cities, 2017. A new community at Officer case study. Melbourne, Australia: CRC for Water Sensitive Cities, p. 16.)

Infographic 3

Visualisation of the improved Gum Scrub Creek, including adjacent bio-sponge areas (CRC for Water Sensitive Cities, 2017. A new community at Officer case study. Melbourne, Australia: CRC for Water Sensitive Cities, p. 18.)

Infographic 4

Variation in the condition of urban riparian zones (Beesley et al., 2017. Riparian design guidelines to inform the ecological repair of urban waterways. Melbourne, Australia: CRC for Water Sensitive Cities, p. 7.)

Infographic 5

Riparian attributes and the aquatic and terrestrial ecological functions they support (Beesley et al., 2017. Riparian Design guidelines to inform the ecological repair of urban waterways. Melbourne, Australia: CRC for Water Sensitive Cities, p. 9.)

Infographic 6

A conceptual depiction of how key urban threats (shown in teal polygons) degrade the ecological processes that support healthy waterway functioning (Beesley et al., 2017. Riparian Design guidelines to inform the ecological repair of urban waterways. Melbourne, Australia: CRC for Water Sensitive Cities, p. 19.)

Infographic 7

A synthesis of our understandings of urban impacts on the landscape, atmosphere and hydrology and the benefits of stormwater harvesting and WSUD (Wong et al., 2013. blueprint2013 – stormwater management in a water sensitive city. Melbourne, Australia: CRC for Water Sensitive Cities, p. 42.)

Infographic 8

Urban water cycle management delivers value to communities in multiple ways (CRC for Water Sensitive Cities, 2016. Ideas for the greater Darwin region. Melbourne, Australia: CRC for Water Sensitive Cities, p. 16.)

Infographic 9

A framework for assessing and implementing on-ground management actions to improve the ecosystem function of urban freshwater streams (CRC for Water Sensitive Cities, 2014. Protection and restoration of urban freshwater ecosystems: informing management and planning. Melbourne, Australia: CRC for Water Sensitive Cities, p. 2.)